Solar photovoltaics are mainly used on building exterior walls and roofs. However, with the increasing number of glass skyscrapers, the area available for installing solar panels on the facades and roofs is decreasing; and installing opaque solar panels on the facades and roofs may detract from the original design of the building and affect the aesthetics. Based on this, transparent solar panels emerged as the times require. Transparent solar cells can also replace glass in vehicles, agricultural greenhouses, and electronic equipment, opening up new application fields.

    Transparent solar cells allow visible light that can be recognized by the human eye to pass through solar panels, which can be achieved in three ways.

    The first is to absorb part of the visible light to generate electricity, and the rest of the visible light is transmitted. We denote this type of transparent solar cell as the visible light absorption type;

    The second is a solar cell that absorbs ultraviolet or near-infrared light to generate electricity and transmits visible light, which can be expressed as an ultraviolet/near-infrared (UV/NIR) absorbing transparent solar cell;

    The third is to embed solar cells on the edge of a transparent substrate and use solar fluorescent concentrators to transmit light to photovoltaic modules.