Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic (PV) cells that contain materials like silicon, which absorbs photons from the sun and releases electrons that can be harnessed as electrical power.

Solar panels work by absorbing sunlight and using the energy to generate a flow of electrons, which can be harnessed to power electrical devices. The efficiency of a solar panel depends on several factors, including the type of materials used in the PV cells, the design of the panel, and the amount of sunlight it receives.

Solar panels are often used in conjunction with solar inverters, which convert the direct current (DC) electricity generated by the panels into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the type of electricity used in most homes and buildings. This allows the solar panels to be integrated into the existing electrical grid so that the electricity they generate can be used to power homes, businesses, and other facilities.