The energy from the photons frees the electrons in the negative pole of the PV Solar Panel from being bound by the magnetic field and makes them move, allowing an electric current to flow in the cell, which is called the photovoltaic effect.

   Solar photovoltaic panels generate direct current, but we use alternating current in our homes. To solve this problem, an inverter is added to the photovoltaic system to convert the direct current to alternating current. Inverters are a key factor in how solar panels work

   The main types of inverters are centralized inverters, string inverters, and micro-inverters.

1. Microinverter

   Microinverters are small devices that can be installed directly under solar panels. Microinverters are designed to process electricity from one (or sometimes two) solar panels, converting DC to AC on the spot. Some manufacturers even integrate microinverters into solar panels and call them "AC modules".

2. String inverter

   Larger string inverters are designed to convert the DC power of a large number of PV modules that make up a PV array. They range in size from as small as 3 kilowatts to as large as more than 200 kilowatts.