The production of solar cells is mainly based on semiconductor materials. Its working principle is to use photoelectric materials to absorb light energy and generate photoelectric conversion reactions. According to the different materials used, solar cells can be divided into 1. Silicon solar cells: 2. Inorganic solar cells Batteries made of salts such as gallium arsenide II-V compounds, cadmium sulfide, copper-steel selenium, and other multi-component compounds: 3. Large solar cells prepared from functional polymer materials: 4. Nanocrystalline solar cells, etc.

    No matter what kind of material is used to make the battery, the general requirements for solar cell materials are: 1) The forbidden band of the semiconductor material should not be too wide; 2) There should be a high photoelectric conversion efficiency; 3) The material itself does not cause pollution to the environment; 4) The material is convenient for industrial production and the material performance is stable.

    Based on the above considerations, silicon is the most ideal solar cell material, which is also the main reason why solar cells are dominated by silicon materials. But with the continuous development of new materials and the development of related technologies. Solar cells based on other materials are also increasingly showing attractive prospects.

    The conversion efficiency of monocrystalline solar panels is undoubtedly the highest, and it still occupies a dominant position in large-scale applications and industrial production. However, due to the influence of the price of monocrystalline silicon materials and the corresponding cumbersome battery process, the cost of monocrystalline silicon remains high, and it is very difficult to greatly reduce its cost. To save high-quality material. Looking for alternatives to monocrystalline silicon cells, thin film solar cells are now developed, among which polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells and amorphous silicon thin film solar cells are typical representatives.